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Junior course > How Republicans and Democrats got their animal symbols

작성일 : 24-04-10 / 조회수 : 23

Part I. Vocabulary

* Plaster (PLAS-ter) - To cover or coat something with a substance, especially thickly or excessively.

Ex. Political parties plaster their symbols on various merchandise such as hats, pins, and T-shirts.

* Satirical (suh-TIR-i-kuhl) - Using humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock something.

Ex. Thomas Nast's cartoons in Harper's Weekly were known for their satirical take on political events.

* Perpetuated (per-PET-yoo-ay-ted) - To cause something to continue indefinitely; to sustain or maintain.

Ex. Political cartoonists perpetuated the association between Democrats and donkeys through their illustrations.

* Popularizing (POP-yuh-luh-rahy-zing) - Making something widely known or liked by the general public.

Ex. Thomas Nast is credited with popularizing the Republican elephant through his cartoons in Harper's Weekly.

* Campaign (kam-PAYN) - A series of planned activities with specific goals, typically undertaken to promote or achieve a particular aim.

Ex. Andrew Jackson's presidential campaign in 1828 used the donkey symbol to rally supporters and garner votes.

Part II. Article

Both U.S. political parties have an animal symbol: A donkey for Democrats, and an elephant for Republicans.

And they plaster the symbols everywhere: On hats, pins, T-shirts and mugs. But how did that come to be?

The donkey symbol dates to Andrew Jackson’s presidential campaign in 1828. Jackson’s opponents labeled him a jackass — another name for donkey.

But Jackson had the last laugh. He incorporated donkeys on his campaign posters — and won.

Political cartoonists perpetuated the link between Democrats and donkeys. The most famous was Thomas Nast,

known as the “Father of the American Cartoon.” He is also credited for popularizing the Republican elephant. His satirical drawings

appeared in Harper’s Weekly in the 1870s. But the Republican elephant appeared much earlier in the pro-Lincoln campaign newspaper,

Father Abraham.

An elephant is holding up a banner celebrating Union military victories. It’s a play on the expression “seeing the elephant,”

which soldiers used during the Civil War, meaning “engaging in combat.” Republicans’ embrace of the elephant has only grown stronger over time.

President Gerald Ford and his wife, Betty, had an “elephant room” in their California home. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan was given

a baby elephant by the president of Sri Lanka. Today, Republicans claim the elephant as the party’s official symbol.

Part III. Comprehension

1. What are the animal symbols of the two main U.S. political parties?

2. How did the donkey become associated with the Democratic Party?

3. Who is credited with popularizing the Republican elephant symbol?

4. What does the expression "seeing the elephant" refer to?

5. Which party claims the elephant as its official symbol today?

Part IV. Discussion

1. Why do you think political parties use symbols like animals to represent themselves?

2. If you had to choose an animal to represent your school or a club you belong to, what would it be and why?

3. How do symbols like animals help people identify with a particular group or organization?

4. Do you think symbols like animals can influence people's perceptions of political parties? Why or why not?

5. What other symbols do you think could represent political parties, and why?